1863-1877

Discusses the struggles and achievements of African-Americans as they struggled to construct a strong economic base--by establishing banks and businesses and working toward ownership of land--after the abolition of slavery, and examines the racial violence and other challenges they endured while instituting their own schools and getting established in the political processes of the United States.

Examines the lives and experiences of African-Americans during the Civil War years from the auction block to the battlefields.

Covers African-American advancements during the period of the federal government's management of the defeated Southern states.

Portrays the American Civil War from the vantage point of African Americans and women.

Recounts the heroic struggles of those who fought against the institution of slavery, explaining the political, economic, and moral issues involved.

An historical account of the role of African-American soldiers in the Civil War.

Chronicles the experiences of African-Americans during the Civil War and reconstruction years, from 1860 through 1880, looking at their participation in the war effort, and their struggles as free people to claim their place in American society.

Discusses the conditions of African Americans in the South before, during, and after the Civil War, and the migration of many former slaves, led by such men as Benjamin Singleton and Henry Adams, to the West looking for a better life.

Describes the struggles following the Civil War to decide how to deal with the newly freed slaves, through the years of Reconstruction, Jim Crow, sharecropping, and segregation.