participation, african american

"During WWI, American minority soldiers fought in segregated units under white American officers. Some of these units fell under American command and others under French command. There was a marked difference in the way that these soldiers were treatedoften French commanders extended a level of respect to their minority troops that American commanders did not. The difference in soldiers experiences was symptomatic of the racism minorities faced on the home front. Minority Soldiers Fighting in World War I looks at the valor of minority soldiers, what life was like before and after the war, and the way cultural shifts began when minority soldiers fought alongside Europeans."--Amazon.

An introduction to the history of the Tuskegee Airmen, a group of African American fighter pilots who flew during World War II.

A project created by the United States Army Air Corps in 1941 at Alabama's Tuskegee Institute (now Tuskegee University) trained nearly a thousand African Americans to become fighter pilots, and many more to be ground crewmen servicing the planes the pilots flew.

Discusses the heroic actions and experiences of the Tuskegee Airmen and the impact they made during times of war or conflict.

Tells the story, in verse, of the famed Tuskegee Airmen, the African-American pilots who broke the color barrier flying for the United States during World War II.

"Nearly forgotten by history, this is the story of the Wereth Eleven, African-American soldiers who fought courageously for freedom in WWII--only to be ruthlessly executed by Nazi troops during the Battle of the Bulge"--Amazon.com.

"When World War I began, it seemed unlikely that a unit such as the Harlem Hellfighters would ever be formed. Given their nickname by their German foes who admired their bravery, the Harlem Hellfighters were members of the 369th, an all-black regiment. The 369th played key roles in critical battles and helped secure an Allied victory. Infographics, sidebars, and fact boxes bring the experiences of these brave military men to life"--Provided by publisher.

"During World War II, a group of African-American pilots played an important role in taking down the enemies of Allied forces. Today many people refer to this group as the Tuskegee Airmen, after the college in Alabama where the young pilots trained. Many white pilots didn't want to fly alongside the pilots from Tuskegee--simply because of their race. So the Tuskegee Airmen had to fight that prejudice along with the enemy. In the years that followed the war, many stories would be told about these pioneers. And along the way, a few exaggerations were added. But a fair amount of the impressive information you may have heard about the group is also true. This book examines which parts of the incredible story are fact, and which are fiction"--Back cover.

Covers the early years, education, and war experiences of 104 African American physicians who volunteered their services during World War I. These 104 men joined the U.S. Army to care for the 40,000 men of the 92nd and 93rd Divisions, the Army's only Black combat units. The 93rd arrived in Europe to help the French fill the gaps in their decimated lines. The 92nd division came later and fought alongside the white American units. Some of these doctors rose to prominence, others died young or later succumbed to the economic and social challenges of the times.

Buffalo soldiers with Sumner's Ninth and Pershing's Tenth rushed up San Juan Hill during the Spanish-American War. Soldiers of the Tenth planted their guidon on the hill as the troops swarmed across the crest, with a clear view of the retreating defenders swarming back down the rear of the hill. Rough Rider Teddy Roosevelt claimed his unit had placed the standard on the hill first but one of his Rough Riders, Nova Johnson from New Mexico, said later, "You should have seen the amazement Colonel Teddy's face took on when he reached the top of that first ridge, only to find that the colored troopers had beat us up there.".