causes

"This abridgement of 'Reflections on the Revolution' in France [in which British political thinker Edmund Burke presents his arguments against the revolution in France] preserves the dynamism of Edmund Burke's polemic while excising a number of detail-laden passages that may be of less interest to modern readers. Brian R. Clack's introduction offers a[n] . . . overview of the text and explores the consistency and coherence of Burke's views on revolution. Burke's critique of revolutionary politics is illuminated further by the extensive supplementary materials collected in a number of themed appendices . . ."--Provided by publisher.

"On November 6, 1860, Abraham Lincoln became the fluky victor in a tight race for president. The country was bitterly at odds; Southern extremists were moving ever closer to destroying the Union, with one state after another seceding and Lincoln powerless to stop them. Slavery fueled the conflict, but somehow the passions of North and South came to focus on a lonely federal fortress in Charleston Harbor: Fort Sumter. Master storyteller Erik Larson offers a gripping account of the chaotic months between Lincoln's election and the Confederacy's shelling of Sumter-a period marked by tragic errors and miscommunications, enflamed egos and craven ambitions, personal tragedies and betrayals. Lincoln himself wrote that the trials of these five months were "so great that, could I have anticipated them, I would not have believed it possible to survive them." At the heart of this suspense-filled narrative are Major Robert Anderson, Sumter's commander and a former slave owner sympathetic to the South but loyal to the Union; Edmund Ruffin, a vain and bloodthirsty radical who stirs secessionist ardor at every opportunity; and Mary Boykin Chesnut, wife of a prominent planter, conflicted over both marriage and slavery and seeing parallels between them. In the middle of it all is the overwhelmed Lincoln, battling with his duplicitous secretary of state, William Seward, as he tries desperately to avert a war that he fears is inevitable-one that will eventually kill 750,000 Americans. Drawing on diaries, secret communiques, slave ledgers, and plantation records, Larson gives us a political horror story that captures the forces that led America to the brink-a dark reminder that we often don't see a cataclysm coming until it's too late"--.

"In 1861, the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter marked the beginning of the American Civil War. Union troops surrendered after 36 hours of fierce battle. The controversial election of Abraham Lincoln, the contentious issue of slavery, and the South's demand for states' rights all factored into this momentous event. This book delves into other key moments of the war that followed. A detailed timeline, historical paintings, and primary sources bring to life the historic conflict that divided a country"--Publisher website.

Learn the facts behind common misconceptions about the Civil War.

"Some historians assert the American Revolution began long before the first shots of the war were fired. This essential volume about the conflict that led to the establishment of the United States starts with the causes of the war, delving into the events and policies that preceded the clash at Lexington and Concord. Readers will then learn about many other battles and how the Continental army under George Washington secured a final victory at Yorktown"--Provided by publisher.

Most middle schoolers know that King George III was the king of England at the time of the American Revolution. But who was he exactly? And what did he think of his colonies in North America? This book finally answers those questions for readers through biographical information about the king as well as his great rivals: the Founding Fathers! In this unique presentation of the events of the American Revolution, readers follow the perspectives of the king and the Founding Fathers as they feuded over the fate of the colonies. A timeline sums up the events and historical images complement the social studies content.

"The Civil War began after eleven southern states seceded in order to keep slavery. Discover how enslaved people experienced the war, from serving on the front lines to glimpsing and winning freedom"--.

To avenge his father, Noah becomes a spy for the British during the American Revolution, witnessing firsthand the hypocrisy, lies, and allegiances that come with war, and must determine for himself where his loyalty truly lies.

"Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 1863: Still mourning from the loss of her brother at the Battle of Gettysburg, a young girl and her family listen to President Lincoln's address. Aligned with curriculum standards, these narrative-nonfiction books also highlight key 21st Century content: Global Awareness, Media Literacy, and Civic Literacy. Thought-provoking content and hands-on activities encourage critical thinking"--.

Presents Tocqueville's study of the French Revolution in the context of the country's history, critiquing the call to liberty by the French people in 1789 and raising concerns that, while the revolutionary spirit had prevailed, the post-Revolutionary state had retained the tyranny it tried to overthrow.