Historians and ordinary Americans have struggled to understand how and why the United States lost the Vietnam War. This book argues that the outcome of the war rested as much on General Vo Nguyen Giap's brilliant and innovative protracted war strategy as on American mistakes. Giap achieved victory in two anti-colonial struggles---first against France (1946-1954), and then against the United States (1954-1975). Giap, a legend of modern military history, was among the fist to realize that war could be won against superior military forces by exploiting the enemy's political and psychological weaknesses. He died in 2013 at the age of one hundred and one.