buffalo soldiers

Buffalo soldiers with Sumner's Ninth and Pershing's Tenth rushed up San Juan Hill during the Spanish-American War. Soldiers of the Tenth planted their guidon on the hill as the troops swarmed across the crest, with a clear view of the retreating defenders swarming back down the rear of the hill. Rough Rider Teddy Roosevelt claimed his unit had placed the standard on the hill first but one of his Rough Riders, Nova Johnson from New Mexico, said later, "You should have seen the amazement Colonel Teddy's face took on when he reached the top of that first ridge, only to find that the colored troopers had beat us up there.".

Recounts the experiences of African-American soldiers serving in the United States Army's Twenty-fifth Infantry in Cuba in the early twentieth century.

During the Indian Wars between 1866 and 1891, ten thousand African American soldiers fought for their country in the wester territories, yet had the overcome the prejudices of both the armed forces and American society.